Christian fundamentalist movements

In the United States, Christian fundamentalism emerged in the early twentieth century in opposition to modernist Protestant theology and to changes in American culture. The Scopes "Monkey Trial" of 1925 (over teaching evolution in Tennessee schools) was an early flashpoint. Christian fundamentalism gained renewed political influence in the 1970s through groups like the Moral Majority and the Christian Coalition, becoming an important force in American politics.

In Latin America, evangelical Protestantism has grown rapidly since the 1970s, sometimes with politically conservative orientation. The current Brazilian political landscape, where evangelical Christianity is a major political force, illustrates this pattern.