The Islamic Republic

The new regime combined formal democratic structures with ultimate clerical authority.

• Supreme Leader: Ultimate political and spiritual authority, held by Khomeini until his death in 1989 and by Ali Khamenei since. Controls the military, the judiciary, broadcasting, and final approval of presidential candidates.
• President: Elected by popular vote but subject to vetting by the clerical Guardian Council. Manages day-to-day government.
• Parliament (Majlis): Elected but candidates must be approved by the Guardian Council.
• Guardian Council: Twelve-member body of clerics and jurists who can veto legislation as un-Islamic.
• Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC): Parallel military force loyal to the Supreme Leader.