Pan-Africanism

Movement for solidarity among people of African descent worldwide. Major figures: W.E.B. Du Bois (American sociologist who organized Pan-African Congresses), Marcus Garvey (Jamaican-born Black nationalist; Universal Negro Improvement Association), and later Kwame Nkrumah. The Organization of African Unity (founded 1963, succeeded by the African Union in 2002) institutionalized Pan-African cooperation.