Geographic and chronological scope

This unit covers anti-colonial nationalism and decolonization in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. Major time markers: founding of the Indian National Congress (1885), Indian and Pakistani independence (1947), the founding of Israel (1948), Ghanaian independence (1957), the Algerian War (1954–1962), the wave of African independence around 1960, and the end of apartheid in South Africa (1994). For unresolved conflicts (Israel–Palestine, Kashmir) the unit extends to the present.