Step 91 of 95

Answer Key with Explanations

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1. B. Industrial economies demanded raw materials they could not produce themselves and sought markets to absorb factory output.
2. B. Kipling's poem presents imperialism as a moral duty to civilize "new-caught, sullen peoples," the canonical statement of the civilizing mission.
3. B. The Berlin Conference established the rules by which European powers would partition Africa, including the requirement of "effective occupation."
4. B. The Sepoy Rebellion's suppression ended Company rule and brought direct British government control through the Raj.
5. B. The unequal treaties opened treaty ports, granted extraterritoriality, ceded Hong Kong, and imposed indemnities.
6. B. The deliberate Meiji decision to adopt Western methods is the conventional answer to the Japan-China contrast. Chinese leadership made the opposite choice.
7. B. Ethiopian victory at Adwa preserved Ethiopian independence and demonstrated that resistance to European imperialism was possible.
1. B. Social Darwinism applied (or misapplied) evolutionary ideas to justify the domination of supposedly weaker nations and races by supposedly stronger ones.
1. B. Leopold II ran the Congo as his personal property and presided over a system of forced labor and atrocities that killed millions.
1. B. The Boxers attacked foreign missionaries, Chinese Christians, and Western diplomatic compounds. The Qing dynasty initially encouraged them.
1. B. Roosevelt asserted the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries that, in U.S. judgment, failed to maintain order.
1. B. Indian cotton textile production, once the largest in the world, was destroyed by competition with mechanized British production.
1. B. Japan's defeat of Russia electrified Asian nationalist movements by demonstrating that European supremacy was not inevitable.
1. B. The Spanish-American War transferred the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S. control, plus making Cuba a U.S. protectorate.
1. B. Colonial borders that ignored ethnic realities are a root cause of many post-colonial conflicts in Africa and the Middle East.