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Connecting to Enduring Issues

  • Power and abuse of power: The defining issue of this unit. The Belgian Congo, the Sepoy Rebellion's aftermath, the Opium Wars, the partition of Africa, the Boxer Protocol, all are case studies in the abuse of power.
  • Inequality: Imperial economies institutionalized racial and national inequality on a global scale.
  • Conflict: Imperial competition produced wars among Europeans (Boer War, Russo-Japanese War, eventually WWI) and brutally suppressed indigenous resistance.
  • Cultural diffusion: Spread of European languages, religions, technologies, and ideologies; reverse flows of food, words, art, and political ideas.
  • Desire for human rights: Colonial subjects increasingly demanded the rights claimed by their colonizers, setting up the twentieth-century human rights and decolonization movements.
  • Impact of technology: Steamships, machine guns, quinine, and telegraphs made the New Imperialism possible.
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