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Stages of Nazi persecution 1933-1939: Legal persecution and emigration
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- Boycott of Jewish businesses (April 1933)
- Removal of Jews from civil service, professions, universities
- Nuremberg Laws (1935) stripped Jews of citizenship and prohibited marriage with non-Jews
- Kristallnacht (November 9-10, 1938): Nazi-organized pogrom destroyed synagogues, Jewish businesses, and homes across Germany and Austria; about 30,000 Jewish men were sent to concentration camps. The term means "Night of Broken Glass."
- Approximately 280,000 Jews emigrated from Germany and Austria before 1939, but most countries (including the United States) restricted Jewish immigration
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